North American Time Zones and GMT

Weather observations are always taken with respect to time. Thus all observations have a corresponding time, and that time is reported along with the measurement. By convention, weather scientists use the twenty four hour clock, and use one time zone, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). This time is also known as Universal Time (UTC). To convert to local time, we must know the time difference between GMT and local time for both standard time and summertime (daylight savings time). Not all states use daylight savings time in the summer.

The Time Zones across North America and Pacific from East to West are:

                Standard  Daylight Savings
                  Time         Time
    Atlantic
    Eastern        EST          EDT
    Central        CST          CDT
    Mountain       MST          MDT
    Pacific        PST          PDT
    Alaska
    Hawaii
    Taiwan

Standard time:

                                                    ||| summer
    GMT     ATL  EST  CST  MST  PST  ALA  HAW	TWN     EDT  CDT  MDT  PDT
difference   -4   -5   -6   -7   -8   -9  -10	+8      -4   -5   -6   -7
    00       8P*  7P*  6P*  5P*  4P*  3P*  2P*	8A      8P*  7P*  6P*  5P*
    01       9P*  8P*  7P*  6P*  5P*  4P*  3P*	9A      9P*  8P*  7P*  6P*
    02      10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*  6P*  5P*  4P* 10A     10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*
    03      11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*  6P*  5P* 11A     11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*
    04      12A  11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*  6P* 12P     12A  11P* 10P*  9P*
    05       1A  12A  11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*  1P      1A  12A  11P* 10P*
    06       2A   1A  12A  11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*  2P      2A   1A  12A  11P*
    07       3A   2A   1A  12A  11P* 10P*  9P*	3P      3A   2A   1A  12A
    08       4A   3A   2A   1A  12A  11P* 10P*	4P      4A   3A   2A   1A
    09       5A   4A   3A   2A   1A  12A  11P*	5P      5A   4A   3A   2A
    10       6A   5A   4A   3A   2A   1A  12A	6P      6A   5A   4A   3A
    11       7A   6A   5A   4A   3A   2A   1A	7P      7A   6A   5A   4A
    12       8A   7A   6A   5A   4A   3A   2A	8P      8A   7A   6A   5A
    13       9A   8A   7A   6A   5A   4A   3A	9P      9A   8A   7A   6A
    14      10A   9A   8A   7A   6A   5A   4A  10P     10A   9A   8A   7A
    15      11A  10A   9A   8A   7A   6A   5A  11P     11A  10A   9A   8A
    16      12P  11A  10A   9A   8A   7A   6A  12A     12P  11A  10A   9A
    17       1P  12P  11A  10A   9A   8A   7A	1A      1P  12P  11A  10A
    18       2P   1P  12P  11A  10A   9A   8A	2A      2P   1P  12P  11A
    19       3P   2P   1P  12P  11A  10A   9A	3A      3P   2P   1P  12P
    20       4P   3P   2P   1P  12P  11A  10A	4A      4P   3P   2P   1P
    21       5P   4P   3P   2P   1P  12P  11A	5A      5P   4P   3P   2P
    22       6P   5P   4P   3P   2P   1P  12P	6A      6P   5P   4P   3P
    23       7P   6P   5P   4P   3P   2P   1P	7A      7P   6P   5P   4P

* represents previous day
  (i.e. 03 hours 23 January 93 is 8PM-MST 22 January)

Summertime (Daylight savings time) for those states that observe daylight savings time. For those that do not, use the standard time table all year:

    GMT     EDT  CDT  MDT  PDT
difference   -4   -5   -6   -7
    00       8P*  7P*  6P*  5P*
    01       9P*  8P*  7P*  6P*
    02      10P*  9P*  8P*  7P*
    03      11P* 10P*  9P*  8P*
    04      12A  11P* 10P*  9P*
    05       1A  12A  11P* 10P*
    06       2A   1A  12A  11P*
    07       3A   2A   1A  12A
    08       4A   3A   2A   1A
    09       5A   4A   3A   2A
    10       6A   5A   4A   3A
    11       7A   6A   5A   4A
    12       8A   7A   6A   5A
    13       9A   8A   7A   6A
    14      10A   9A   8A   7A
    15      11A  10A   9A   8A
    16      12P  11A  10A   9A
    17       1P  12P  11A  10A
    18       2P   1P  12P  11A
    19       3P   2P   1P  12P
    20       4P   3P   2P   1P
    21       5P   4P   3P   2P
    22       6P   5P   4P   3P
    23       7P   6P   5P   4P

* represents previous day
  (i.e. 03 hours 23 June is 9PM-MDT 22 June)